README FILE FOR BERING STRAIT MOORING DATA                      28th Aug 2024
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Bering Strait Moorings 2022-2023

This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from
summer 2022 and to summer 2023.

Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network
award PLR-2153942 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz).

The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises:
- in 2022 (8th-19th September), a ~ 12 day cruise on the US vessel
Norseman2 deployed the moorings.  Some CTD sections were run on this cruise,
and those data are archived separately.
- in 2023 (4th-14th July), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel
Norseman2 recovered the moorings.  Some CTD sections were run on this cruise,
and those data are archived separately.

In 2022, a total of three moorings were deployed:
- two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait,
- one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait.
In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent
year of deployment.
In 2023, all three moorings were successfully recovered. 

Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied
almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4
was established in 2001.
Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel.
Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the
Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line.
Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western
channel water.
Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows
measurement of the Alaskan Coastal Current.

For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work,
please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html.

Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the table below.
All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently (Time
Int. in table below).
Data from instruments marked with * are not included in this archive.
For access to these data, please contact the named PI in list below table.

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------
ID  Deployed Latitude  Longitude  Instrument      S/N  Time   Inst.  Water
     in Year   (N)        (W)                          Int.   Depth  Depth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A2-22  2022  65 46.85  168 34.10  ISCAT         24298     NR   16m     56m
                                  ISCAT-Logger     28  30min   ...     56m
                                  300kHz-ADCP    2234  30min   46m     56m
                                  SBE37-ODO	24443  60min   49m     56m
                                  FLNTUSB        7566  60min   49m     56m
                                  SUNA           1920  60min   49m     56m
                                  SBE16          1226  60min   50m     56m

A3-22  2022  66 19.63  168 56.9   Upper ISCAT   20935   5min   7m/24m  58m
dragged off position by ice       Lower ISCAT   24297   5min   16m     58m
on 19th April 2023 0100-1130      ISCAT-Logger     22  30min           58m
	                          300kHz-ADCP   12845  30min   43m     58m
                                  SBE16          1225  60min   43m     58m
                                  SBE37-ODO	24444  60min   46m     58m
                                  FLNTUSB        1260  60min   46m     58m
                                  SUNA           1918  60min   46m     58m
                                  *SOUNDTRAP     7173    -     49m     58m

A4-22  2022  65 44.74  168 15.78  ISCAT         24300   5min   16m     49m
mooring recovered by dragging     ISCAT-Logger     24  30min   ...     49m
                                  300kHz-ADCP   13756  30min   37m     49m
                                  SBE16          2341  60min   41m     49m
                                  FLNTUSB        7565  60min   41m     49m
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Depths are estimated from mooring design and pressure sensors where available,
and are good to 1-2m.
  NR=instrument not recovered     ND=No data
  Where ISCATS change recording depth when floatation is lost, both depths are given
Instruments with data included here:
 ISCAT - SBE37IM in ice resistant float, telemetering data inductively to
   a Logger below (system developed at APL-UW). Logger data only used if
   SBE37s are not recovered. 
 300KHz-ADCP - 300kHz RDI/Teledyne Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
 SBE37 Microcat - Seabird SBE 37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder
 SBE16woptic - Seabird SBE16plus with optical data (including some or all of
               fluorescence, turbidity, transmissivity and PAR) - see headers
 SBE26p-BPG - Seabird SBE26plus Bottom Pressure Gauge
 RCM9Turb - Aanderaa RCM9 acoustic current meter with turbidity sensor
 RCM9LW   - Aanderaa Lightweight RCM9 acoustic current meter
 SBE37-ODO - Seabird SBE37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder 
           with SBE63 Dissolved oxygen sensor
 FLNTUSB - Wetlabs Fluorescence Turbidity sensor
 SUNA - Seabird SUNA V2 Nitrate sensor
Instruments with data not included here:
 AARI-CM&CTD - Current meter and CTD from AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research
               Institute, Russia), PI: Igor Lavrenov, AARI
 ISUS - ISUS Nitrate sensor, PI: Terry Whitledge, UAF
 AURAL M2* - Aural Marine Mammal Acoustic Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW
 APL Marine Rec* - APL Marine Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW.
 Soundtrap - APL Marine Mammal Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford UW. 

Each data file contains the data from one instrument-year - the listed year
in the mooring name is the year in which the mooring was deployed.

For non-ADCP instruments, calibrated data are recorded in one file per instrument
per year, with naming convention:
   BeringStrait_yyyy_ID_III_#####.ttt
yyyy=Deployment year; ID=mooring ID; III=instrument type; #####=serial number;
ttt=indicates calibration, with .pre=pre-deployment calibration used,
.ppp=pre and post deployment calibrations merged.
The SBE-16 and 37 hexidecimal files (unaltered from the download) are also
included, indicated by extension .hex or .asc

For the ADCPs, there are multiple files per instrument.
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####ADCPraw.000 = Binary download from the ADCP
(see notes below for multiple .000 files)
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPdeploytests.txt = pre deployment tests
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPrecoverytest.txt = post deployment tests
The remainder are ASCII conversions of the data, corrected for clock drift
and magnetic declination.
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.btm = ASCII bottom track data
        (including ice range and velocity)
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.ins = ASCII instrument data
        (e.g. heading, pitch, roll, temperature)
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_bin01.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 1
   BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.bin02.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 2
    etc.  (Bin depths are given in the data files)
Header information is included in each data file.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
For details of the measurements and their interpretation, please see:
   Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of
   year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering
   Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography
   28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57
and
   Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic 
   from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving 
   mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, 
   Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007.

Please use both 2015 and 2018 citations for these data.

For an overview of cruises and project, please see:
   http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html

For relevant papers, please see:
Roach, A.T., K. Aagaard, C. H. Pease, S.A. Salo, T. Weingartner, V. Pavlov,
   and M. Kulakov (1995) Direct measurements of transport and water properties
   through Bering Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,443-18,457.
Woodgate, R.A., and K. Aagaard (2005) Revising the Bering Strait freshwater
   flux into the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02602,
   doi:10.1029/2004GL021747.
Woodgate, R.A., K. Aagaard, and T. Weingartner (2005) Monthly temperature,
   salinity, and transport variability of the Bering Strait throughflow,
   Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, No. 4, L04601, doi:10.1029/2004GL021880.
Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2005) A year in the
   physical oceanography of the Chukchi Sea: Moored measurements from autumn
   1990-1991,Deep-Sea Res., Part II, 52, 3116-3149,
   doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.016.
Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2006) Interannual changes
   in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991
   and 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, doi:10.1029/2006GL026931.
Woodgate, R. A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2010), The 2007 Bering
   Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat,
   Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01602, doi:10.1029/2009GL041621.
Woodgate, R.A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2012), Observed increases
   in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from
   2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column,
   Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24603, doi:10.1029/2012GL054092.
Woodgate, R.A., (2018), Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from
   1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms
   from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography,
   160, 124-154,  doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007.
Woodgate, R.A., and C.Peralta-Ferriz, (2021), Warming and Freshening of the
   Pacific Inflow to the Arctic from 1990-2019 implying dramatic shoaling
   in Pacific Winter Water ventilation of the Arctic water column,
   Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2021GL092528


For queries, please contact:
   Rebecca Woodgate   woodgate@uw.edu   (206) 221-3268
   Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington
   1013 NE 40th, Seattle, WA  98105-6698   USA

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Meta data
=========

1) Platform: Subsurface oceanographic moorings

2) Project title: Bering Strait

3) Data collection dates: Sept 2022 to July 2021

4) PI:   Rebecca Woodgate (woodgate@uw.edu)

5) Data collection method:
     Year-round moorings carrying
     - Sea-Bird temperature/conductivity and pressure recorders (SBE)
     - RDI 300kHz Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP)
     - APL data loggers for inductive data from ISCAT system
     - Sea-Bird SBE37-ODO dissolved oxygen sensor (SBE63)
     - Wetlabs FLNTUSB Fluorescence Turbidity sensors 
     - Sea-Bird SUNA V2 nitrate sensors 

6) Data calibration method:
     Unless noted otherwise in the header on each data file, timestamps
     have been corrected for observed instrument clock drift.
     All times are given in GMT.
     For SBEs, calibration coefficients are given in header file.

  SBEs:  (SBE16, SBE37 and SBE37ODO)
     - Generally pre and post calibrated by the manufacturer (indicated
       by suffix .ppp).  
     - pre and post calibrations linearly time-weighted through the
       deployment.
     - .pre suffix indicates only pre-cruise calibration used
     - just prior to recovery, a CTD cast was performed in the vicinity
       of the mooring as an attempt to provide an inwater calibration.
       This is found to be of inconsistent quality as a calibration check.
       Immediately after recovery, SBE instruments were placed in a stirred
       tank of sea water, to check immediate post deployment calibrations.
	 This gives the best estimate of any residual offset in salinity after
       the manufacturer's post calibration.
       For full details, see cruise report. These are both just informational checks
       to assess how well the post-cruise manufacturer's calibration captures
       the final in-water state. The final post-cruise calibration used is
       that from the manufacturer, to be consistent with prior data processing.

  Wetlabs FLNTUSB
      - Calibrated by the manufacturer pre deployment.

  SUNA:
      - Calibrated by the manufacturer pre deployment
      - pre and post deployment, reference updates performed with distilled water
      and test run done with 20uM nitrate standard prepared by UW.
      - data processed for temperature salinity correction as per Sakamoto et al 2009
      using Sea-bird UCI software
      Final data interpolated in time between pre and post calibrations.


  ADCPS:  Tested by APL/manufacturer pre deployment.
     - compasses calibrated as per manufacturer's
       specifications in Seattle prior to deployment.  Estimated
       compass error is included in the header file
     - where available, post deployment compass check also included in header file
     - direction corrected to true north, magnetic declination used is cited
       in the header.
     - data requiring speed of sound in water is corrected by the ADCP using
       the water temperature measured by the ADCP.
     - intensity of returned signals is not specially calibrated.

7) Instrumentation used:  (see table for sampling frequencies)
     Sea-Bird SBE16 and SBE 37 recorders
     ISCAT loggers (SBE37 Microcat logging data to an APL-Logger)
     RDI 300 kHz Workhorse ADCP - bin size typically 2m 
     Sea-Bird SBE37-ODO	incorporating SBE63 dissolved oxygen sensor
     Wetlabs  FLNTUSB   
     Seabird  SUNA-V2 


8) Quality control procedures:
     Quality control provided by Rebecca Woodgate.
     ADCP data rely on ADCP internal temperature for speed of sound
       corrections.
     ADCP Data files are included for all bins up to the surface although
       bins near the surface contain much larger errors (likely due to
       surface effects) and should be treated with caution.


9) Data format:
     SBE and other data - ASCII, format given in individual headers
        (uncalibrated "hex", "asc" or "XML" data also included for SBEs)
     ADCP data - 2 formats: a) BINARY download file from ADCP and
                            b) ASCII conversion of these files (in 2m bins)


10) Data collection problems:
    By Mooring:
    - Mooring A3-22 was dragged off position by ice on 19th April 2023 0100-1130 
    ADCP data show data after this date have a different principal heading, and this
    must be corrected for to yield a self consistent time-series
    - Mooring A4-22 required a dragging operation to release the mooring      
    - biofouling is a typical issue in the strait, and was still
    sigificant on these moorings, although salinity cells were generally
    clear on recovery. The effect of this on the data is to make salinities appear
    erroreously fresh.  Estimates of the extent of this problem by
    instrument are given below and in the individual file headers.
    Photographic documentation of biofouling on recovery is available
    via cruise reports, included here and on the Bering Strait website:
    http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html.


    By Instrument:

    === ISCATS (Loggers and SBE37s)

A222  - ISCAT SBE37 24298 - lost, last data record 23rd June 2023
      - Logger 28
   - top float with SBE37 was lost, data only from logger      
   - logger clock 19 min slow on recovery but                  
        time stamps here are taken from the SBE37,              
   - note start time is not on whole hour                      
   - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure        
      record must be included in analysis                         
   - post cal not available                                    
   - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
      show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
      generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
   - note data are not regular in time.                        

A322  - Upper SBE37 20935 - recovered
   - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on       
      19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130                                    
   - biofouling light, cell clear                              
   - float above iscat lost 1stJan2023, 22:10 and instrument   
      descends to ~ 24m for rest of deployment.                   
   - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check          
   - given depth is minimum depth, instrument often deeper     
   - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor       
   - clock 0 min fast by end of deployment                     
   - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure        
      record must be included in analysis                         
   - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal      
   - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
      show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
      generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
   
 A322  - Lower SBE37 24297 - recovered
   - data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on       
      19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130                                    
   - biofouling light, cell clear                              
   - upper float of iscat housing loose                        
   - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check          
   - given depth is minimum depth, instrument often deeper     
   - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor       
   - clock 0 min fast by end of deployment                     
   - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure        
      record must be included in analysis                         
   - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal      
   - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
      show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
      generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
          
 A422  - Iscat SBE37 24300 - recovered
   - biofouling light, cell clear                              
   - mooring had to be dragged, release time is time sighted   
   - soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check          
   - given depth is minimum depth, instrument often deeper     
   - instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor       
   - clock 0 min fast by end of deployment                     
   - 3 records lost sometime during deployment. Data           
      interpolated to start and end time, giving good match       
      to time into and out of water.                              
   - by design, instrument may pull down, thus pressure        
      record must be included in analysis                         
   - record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal      
   - testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
      show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
      generally within manufacturer's specifications.                

 
   === SBE16s 

A222_1226
- mooring very little biofouling                            
- Cell clear, but broken, probably damaged on deployment    
- Clock 6min slow on recovery                               
- record based on pre cal only.  Seabird unable to postcal  
- testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
   show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
   generally within manufacturer's specifications, apart from  
   apparent clogged period JD275 to 279 when SBE is generally  
   0.07psu too fresh and ODO data likely more reliable   

A322_1225
- data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on       
   19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130                                    
- Biofouling very light, Cell clear on recovery             
- Clock 6min slow on recovery                               
- record linearly interpolated between pre & post cals      
- testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
   show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
   generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
- generally 0.03psu fresher than other instruments          
      
A422_2341
- Biofouling light, Cell clear on recovery                  
- Clock 6min slow on recovery                               
- record linearly interpolated between pre & post cals      
- testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
   show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
   generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
- several obvious spikes in temperature (and thus salinity) 


   === ADCPs
      Note that ADCP range measurements are not corrected
      for pitch and roll.  For full discussion and correction,
      see: Woodgate and Holroyd, 2011, included in archive.

A222_adcp02234
- ADCP deployed in non-vaned frame with viny floatation               
- biofouling extremely light, transducers clear                       
- pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg                
- roll frequently 5-10deg                                             
- range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll                 
- large errors in bin1                                                
- data generally good until Bin16 (~12m)                              
- temperature data not quality controlled  
                           
A322_adcp12845
- ADCP deployed in vaned frame with viny floatation                   
- data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on                 
   19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130                                              
- biofouling very light, transducers clear                            
- pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg                
- roll frequently 5-10deg                                             
- range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll                 
- large errors in bin1 and bins 8,9,10                                
- data generally good until Bin14 (~13m)                              
- temperature data not quality controlled                             
- note new position has different principal flow heading

A422_adcp13756
- ADCP deployed in non-vaned frame with viny floatation               
- biofouling extremely light, transducers clear                       
- mooring had to be dragged, release time is time sighted             
- pitch and roll generally < 10 deg, peaking at 20 deg                
- roll frequently up to 10deg                                         
- range measurements not corrected for pitch and roll                 
- large errors in bin1 and bins 7,8,9                                 
- data generally good until Bin12 (~11m)                              
- temperature data not quality controlled                             


   === SBE37ODO

A222_ODO_24443
- ODO deployed vertical in cage with SUNA and Wetlabs sensor
- biofouling light, cell clear                              
- soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check          
- instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor       
- clock 20s slow by end of deployment                       
- record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal      
- difference between pre and post pressure calibrations     
introduces a drift (~1m) over the deployment, but no        
clear pressure change is seen in other pressures            
on the mooring, thus the trend here is likely instrument    
error.                                                      
- testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
- deployment/recovery CTDs show very good agreement of ODO  
with CTD Ox1 (< 0.1%, <0.006ml/l)   

A322_ODO_24444    
- ODO deployed vertical in cage with SUNA and Wetlabs sensor
- data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on 
   19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130                                    
- biofouling light, cell clear                              
- soaked in test tank after recovery for cal check          
- instrument depth estimated from own pressure sensor       
- clock 20s slow by end of deployment                       
- pressure shows significant drift, ~1m over deployment     
enhanced by combining pre and post cals to ~1.5m            
A pressure change of about 0.5m is seen in other pressures  
on the mooring (likely due to mooring movement), but the    
rest of the trend here is likely instrument error.          
- 1 record not cleared from ODO memory at start. Start      
time adjusted to make timestamps correct.                   
- record linearly interpolated between pre and pos cal      
- testtank, comparison to other instruments and tfreezing   
show generally no issues with salinity, and agreement       
generally within manufacturer's specifications.             
- deployment CTDs show very good agreement of ODO           
with CTD Ox1 (< 0.1%, <0.02ml/l).                           
- Recovery CTD not available                                
                    

   === FLNTUSB 

A222_FLNTUSB_7566
- FLNTUSB deployed looking down in cage with SUNA and ODO
- equipped with biowiper
- depth estimated from other sensors on mooring
- biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear
- clock 11min 20s slow on recovery
(this is corrected for in timestamps below)
- no post-cruise calibration available but typically
fluorescence drift per year may be 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal
turbidity drift per year may be 3.75 NTU or 15% per year
(information from manufacturer, Seabird)
- 9999 indicates pre cal information missing
Data issues:
- data interval given above is approximate, due to
instrument writing time, time between readings is
slightly greater than this.
- time stamps below are correct
- time stamps of last 3 readings are incorrect.  These
readings were taken to check cap on readings.  
- 4readings per on-time, individual
readings, and mean and std recorded here
- pre and post deployment, some period with cap on to
establish instrument drift. See cruise report for details

A322_FLNTUSB_1260
- FLNTUSB deployed looking down in cage with SUNA and ODO
- equipped with biowiper
- depth estimated from other sensors on mooring
- data suggest mooring dragged off position by ice on
19th Apr 2023, 0100-1130 
- biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear
- clock less than 1min slow on recovery
(this is corrected for in timestamps below)
- no post-cruise calibration available but typically
fluorescence drift per year may be 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal
turbidity drift per year may be 3.75 NTU or 15% per year
(information from manufacturer, Seabird)
- data interval given above is approximate, due to
instrument writing time, time between readings is
slightly greater than this.
- time stamps below are correct
- 4readings per on-time, individual
readings, and mean and std recorded here
- pre and post deployment, some period with cap on to
establish instrument drift. See cruise report for details


A422_FLNTUSB_7565
- FLNTUSB deployed on SBE16, mounted looking down
- equipped with biowiper
- depth estimated from other sensors on mooring
- biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear
- clock 11min 36s slow on recovery
(this is corrected for in timestamps below)
- no post-cruise calibration available but typically
fluorescence drift per year may be 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal
turbidity drift per year may be 3.75 NTU or 15% per year
(information from manufacturer, Seabird)
- data interval given above is approximate, due to
instrument writing time, time between readings is
slightly greater than this.
- time stamps below are correct
- time stamps of last 3 readings are incorrect.  These
readings were taken to check cap on readings.  
- 4readings per on-time, individual
readings, and mean and std recorded here
- pre and post deployment, some period with cap on to
establish instrument drift. See cruise report for details


   === SUNA V2 

A222_SUNAV2_1920
SUNA V2 (Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer) with 10mm path length
Data interpolated by record number between reference updates:   
Cal E - pre deployment  and  Cal F - post deployment
 Data postprocessed for temperature and salinity (TS) effects using Seabird UCI software
  using TS data from BeringStrait_2022_A2_ODOsbe37_24443.ppp
 File includes pre and post deployment calibration tests using UW standard
   Pre deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM (but consistently reads high)
   Post deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM
Note this makes the record non-continuous in time, 
  time interval stated above is that during the mooring deployment
Temperature and salinity are set to 20degC and 0psu for these tests
Note also data are not fitted to these calibration tests
 - SUNA deployed looking down in cage with FLNTUSB and ODO
- equipped with biowiper
- depth estimated from other sensors on mooring
- biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear
- clock accurate on recovery
- data were collected in frame-based mode
     with 15 light and 1 dark frame per data interval
- dark frames are removed from the record below, but always returned 0
- manufacturer specifications are for accuracy of ~2uM
- UW comparisons for CTD data suggest accuracy of ~1uM
consistent with bottle samples taken from instrument depth on CTD casts
- these casts suggest mooring record may be ~1uM low on deployment
and ~1uM high on recovery, although comparisons to salinity show
this test is not always reliable.  See cruise report for details

A322_SUNAV2_1918
SUNA V2 (Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer) with 10mm path length
Data interpolated by record number between reference updates:   
Cal C - pre deployment  and  Cal D - post deployment 
Data postprocessed for temperature and salinity (TS) effects using Seabird UCI software
  using TS data from BeringStrait_2022_A3_ODOsbe37_24444.ppp
 File includes pre and post deployment calibration tests using UW standard
   Pre deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM (but consistently reads high)
   Post deployment standard UW-made NO3 standard, 20uM
Note this makes the record non-continuous in time, 
  time interval stated above is that during the mooring deployment
Temperature and salinity are set to 20degC and 0psu for these tests
Note also data are not fitted to these calibration tests
- SUNA deployed looking down in cage with FLNTUSB and ODO
- equipped with biowiper
- depth estimated from other sensors on mooring
- biofouling light, biowiper free to turn, face clear
- clock accurate on recovery
- data were collected in frame-based mode
     with 15 light and 1 dark frame per data interval
- dark frames are removed from the record below, but always returned 0
- manufacturer specifications are for accuracy of ~2uM
- UW comparisons for CTD data suggest accuracy of ~1uM
consistent with bottle samples taken from instrument depth on CTD casts
- these casts suggest mooring record may be ~1uM low on deployment
(pre recovery CTD cast not available)


11) Other related data sets:
       This data set is a continuation of mooring measurements made in the
       Bering Strait almost continuously since 1990.  Mooring data have
       already been archived via the SBI project, managed by JOSS/EOS,
       and at NODC (now NCEI), and metadata at arcticdata.io and AOOS.
       For details see
        http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html
        https://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_lists/generated/sbi/
        http://www.ncei.noaa.gov
       Since 2000, CTD sections have been run in the Bering Strait on
       the mooring cruises.  These data are also accessible via the http
       links above.

12) Conditions for use or citation:
       Data freely available
       Please, as a courtesy, contact the PIs before using these data and cite as
       Woodgate et al., 2015 and Woodgate, 2018, viz:
           Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of
             year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering
             Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography
             28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57
       and
           Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic 
             from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving 
             mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, 
             Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007.

13) Data qualifications or warnings:
       See also Data collection problems.
       For data issues relevant to a specific deployment, see the
       individual headers.  In general:
       SBE data: Standard Sea-Bird limitations apply
            SBE37s:
            - estimated accuracy 0.002 deg C, 0.0003 S/m
              (corresponding to 0.008 psu), and < 1 db.
            SBE16s:
            - estimated accuracy 0.02 deg C, 0.0012 S/m
              (corresponding to 0.02 psu), and < 1 db.
	      FOR BOTH:
            - see header files for difference between pre and post calibration
              which are usually 0.03 psu or greater.
            - Note that post-calibrations on the SBE16s in the strait often
              suggest salinity sensor drift during deployment of between
              0.02 and 0.1psu, and this should be considered if post
              calibrations are not available
            - Note also that clogging of the salinity cell during
              deployment will not be captured by the post calibration
              and thus generally ends of records should be suspected
              for anomalously low salinities, especially if the SBE
              is not mounted vertical.
            SBE37ODO:
            - estimated accuracy 0.002 deg C, 0.0003 S/m
              (corresponding to 0.008 psu), 
            - 100m strain gauge pressure sensor accuracy 0.1% of full scale range (i.e., 0.1db)
            - DO SBE63 sensor, larger of 3umol/kg (I,e,, 0.07ml/l) or 2%
            WETLABS FLNTUSB
            - Fluorescence drift of 2.6ug/L or 5% of max signal per year
            - Turbidity drift of 3.75NTU or 15% per year
            SUNA V2
            - after TS correction (Sea-Bird UCI software applying Sakamoto et al., 2009),
            and reference updates, final data agree to bottle samples to <1uM.


       ADCP data: Standard RDI limitations apply
            - estimated accuracy
              ~ 0.5 cm/s for water velocities (~100 pings per ensemble)
              Estimated errors (given in the files) vary with bin and time
              ~ 1 cm/s for ice velocities (2 or 5 pings per ensemble)
              Estimated errors (given in the files) vary with time
              ~ 1 deg in direction (see header files)
              Range to ice - accurate to 1% of range to surface (i.e. ~ 0.4 m)
              ~ 0.4 deg C in temperature
              Note that ADCP range measurements are not corrected
              for pitch and roll.  For full discussion and correction,
              see: Woodgate and Holroyd, 2011, included in archive



14) Grant numbers:
      Mooring sponsorship came from
      - National Science Foundation (NSF) Arctic Observing Network (AON)
      program, grant PLR-2153942 (PI: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz)

15) Sample repository locations:
        National Centers for Environmental Information
          (http://www.ncei.noaa.gov)
          (previously National Ocean Data Center)
        University of Washington (http://psc.apl.washington.edu/HLD)

16) Please use the following 2 citations for these data:
   Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of
       year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering
       Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), 
       Oceanography, 28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57
and
   Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic 
       from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving 
       mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, 
       Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, 
       doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007.

==============================================================================

==============================================================================

FILE LISTING  
=============

Total number of files:  746 files (665Mb) including 13 subdirectories 

Name
----
= Metadata file (1 file)
	 Bering_Strait_Moorings_2022-2023_NSFAON_ReadMe_versAug2024.txt

= Cruise reports (2 files) and 1 technical note (1 file)
	BeringStrait2022CruiseReport_Norseman2_versFeb2024wEL.pdf
	BeringStrait2023CruiseReport_Norseman2_versMarch2024wEL.pdf
	WoodgateandHolroyd2011_BTrangeCorrection.pdf

= ISCAT data  (4 files)
  - 1 ICLog*.pre of pre calibrated logger data
  - 3 ICsbe37*.ppp pre-post calibrated SBE37 data
	BeringStrait_2022_A2_ICLog28_24298.pre
	BeringStrait_2022_A3_ICsbe37U_20935.ppp
	BeringStrait_2022_A3_ICsbe37L_24297.ppp
	BeringStrait_2022_A4_ICsbe37_24300.ppp
  (see also subdirectory, SBE37IMHexfiles), 
  - 3 ICsbe37*.hex raw SBE37 data

= SBE16 (3 files)
  - 2 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data
  - 1 .pre file of pre-cruise calibrated data
BeringStrait_2022_A2_sbe16_1226.pre
BeringStrait_2022_A3_sbe16_1225.ppp
BeringStrait_2022_A4_sbe16_2341.ppp
  (see also SBE16HexandConfiles directory)

= FLNTUSB fluorescence and turbidity data (3 files)
  - 3 .pre files of pre-cruise calibrated FLTUSB data
BeringStrait_2022_A2_FLTUSB_7566.pre
BeringStrait_2022_A3_FLTUSB_1260.pre
BeringStrait_2022_A4_FLTUSB_7565.pre

= SUNA nitrate data 
  - 2 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data
BeringStrait_2022_A2_SUNA_1920.ppp
BeringStrait_2022_A3_SUNA_1918.ppp
    (see also SUNA_rawandcalfiles directory)

= SBE37ODO data
  - 2 .ppp files of pre-post calibrated data
BeringStrait_2022_A2_ODOsbe37_24443.ppp
BeringStrait_2022_A3_ODOsbe37_24444.ppp
     (see also ODOHexandPostcalConfiles directory)


.. and the 7 subdirectories,

Three subdirectories of ADCP data, naming conventions 
as described above, including test and raw data files
(each 27 files):
./BeringStrait_2022_A2_adcp02234:
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234.btm
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234.ins
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234ADCPdeploytests.txt
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234ADCPraw.000
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234ADCPrecoverytests.txt
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin01.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin02.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin03.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin04.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin05.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin06.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin07.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin08.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin09.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin10.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin11.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin12.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin13.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin14.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin15.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin16.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin17.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin18.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin19.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin20.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin21.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A2_02234_bin22.rdat

./BeringStrait_2022_A3_adcp12845:
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845.btm
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845.ins
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845ADCPdeploytests.txt
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845ADCPraw.000
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845ADCPrecoverytests.txt
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin01.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin02.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin03.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin04.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin05.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin06.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin07.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin08.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin09.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin10.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin11.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin12.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin13.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin14.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin15.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin16.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin17.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin18.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin19.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin20.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin21.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A3_12845_bin22.rdat

./BeringStrait_2022_A4_adcp13756:
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756.btm
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756.ins
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756ADCPdeploytests.txt
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756ADCPraw.000
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756ADCPrecoverytests.txt
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin01.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin02.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin03.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin04.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin05.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin06.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin07.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin08.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin09.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin10.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin11.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin12.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin13.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin14.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin15.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin16.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin17.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin18.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin19.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin20.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin21.rdat
BeringStrait_2022_A4_13756_bin22.rdat


One subdirectory of raw Hex and con files for SBE37ODO
./ODOHexandPostcalConfiles:
SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724443_2023_07_10.hex
SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724443_postcalDec23.xmlcon
SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724444_2023_07_13.hex
SBE37SMP-ODO-RS232_03724444_postcalDec23.xmlcon

One subdirectory of raw Hex and con files for SBE16
./SBE16HexandConfiles:
1225posDec23.con
1225preDec21.con
1226preDec21.con
2341posDec23.con
2341preDec21.con
A222_sbe1226.hex
A322_sbe1225.hex
A422_sbe2341.hex

One subdirectory of raw Hex files for SBE37IM (iscats)
./SBE37IMHexfiles:
SBE37IM_03720935_2023_07_14.hex
SBE37IM_03724297_2023_07_14.hex
SBE37IM_03724300_2023_07_10.hex

Two directories of SUNA raw and calibration files 
./SUNA_rawandcalfiles:
SUNA1918_A322postdeploymentfiles
SUNA1920_A222postdeploymentfiles
… within each 
- various calibration files including pre and post cruise cals (.cal files)
- various diagnostic files
- the .xml instrument package file
- a directory of data (./DAT)  (306 files for A2_1920, 318 files for A3_1918)
- a directory of log files (./LOG)


+++++++++ END OF FILE LISTING ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 